Jawaban Soal UAS Interpreting

QUESTIONS
1. Consecutive and Simultaneous Interpreting
2. Fidelity In Interpreting and Translation
3. Sequential model of translation and interpretation
4. Knowledge acquisition in interpretation and translation
5. how to Translate or Interpret literature
6. write down your Abstract on your mini research

ANSWER

1.        Simultaneous interpreting is the kind of interpretation when an interpreter translates the words of a speaker in a few seconds after he/ she says them. Special equipment and an interpreting booth are required for interpreters performing such interpretation. The majority of modern hotels and conference centres have such equipment, and if they don’t - it can be rented (we provide rental services of the said equipment).

    The above method of interpretation is used when a speaker does not want to stop speaking and wait for an interpreter to translate. In such a case the interpretation is heard only by those event participants who have headsets.

   consecutive interpreting, an interpreter starts to translate when a speaker pauses. An interpreter stands or sits beside a speaker, listens to what he/ she says and writes down certain comments or essential things, and then interprets in separate parts when a speaker pauses and waits.

      Such method of interpretation is used in cases when there is sufficient time. It is important to know that in such a case all listeners listening to consecutive interpreting and a speaker listens to the same text twice, thus this method of interpretation takes twice as much time as compared to “whispering” or simultaneous interpreting, because a speaker has to pause from time to time allowing an interpreter to translate what has been said.

2.       Fidelity In Interpreting and Translation

o   Given the same elementary informational message in non-verbal form, individuals tend to give it different verbal expression. Moreover, when asked to reformulate the same message after even a short time, they tend to give it a different second verbal expression

o   These differences are at least partially uncontrolled, that is, they do not result from the sender’s deliberate choices.

o   Differences in the wording of the message also result in differences in the information the statement carry.

o   When reading a text or listening to a speech, translators do not necessarily identify the massage and all the framing information. Linguistically induced information, and personal information. When producing their own target text, they are often aware of framing information and linguistically induced information they introduce.

o   When translating informational texts, the message should always be faithfully reformulated in the target language. As for secondary information, it should only be reformulated in the target language without any change if this does not interfere too severely with the impact of the target text on the receiver.

3.       Sequential model of translation and interpretation

o   In the sequential model of translation, translators process translation units one after the other. They develop a meaning hypothesis for each translation units, then the check it for plausibility, and construct another one if test results are not satisfactory. When they are, they write a target language rendition of the translation unit, then check it for fidelity and editorial acceptability, and change it if test results are not satisfactory.

o   A professional premise to be adopted is that, at base, authors have a meaningful message to convey even if their source-language text is clumsily worded or seems to be illogical. Translators should aim at extracting the meaningful and logical message from the text, and only as a last resort decide that there is none.

o   Most translation errors can be diagnosed as resulting from weaknesses in one or several of the components of the sequential model. Beside weaknesses in the linguistic part of the preexisting knowledge base (insufficient command of the source language and/or of the target language), they can generally be ascribed to insufficient analysis in the comprehension phase, faulty knowledge acquisition, or insufficient efforts in the reformulation loop.

o   The sequential model stresses separation between comprehension and reformulation, as well as tests and decision making in both phases. In actual translation practice, the procedure are more complicated than in the model, but systematic tests and decision making remain important.

o   In the sequential model can be used to explain some basic differences between interpretation and translation: in interpretation, operation are faster, knowledge acquisition is more constrained in time and space and requires different strategies, and testing for fidelity and acceptability can only be done mentally, before translation units are expressed vocally.

4.       Knowledge acquisition in interpretation and translation

o   Translation requires the acquisition of complementary information of two types: linguistic information (terminological and stylistic), and extra-linguistic information.  The greatest requirements most often reside in terminological information

o   Sources for knowledge acquisition can be assessed on the basis of the following variables:  existence, external access, internal access, coverage, and reliability

o   It is rare that a single source covers all complementary knowledge requirements

o   The reliability of a source depend on: (1) The author’s command of the language(s) concerned. (2) The author’s extralinguistic knowledge of the field. (3) The similarity between the source and the text to be translated. (3) The age of the source.

o   In order to ensure the reliability of information. Knowledge acquisition can begin with a starting –point source, then follow with an intermediate source ( both of which need not be very reliable), but information retrieved must be checked in a reliable end-point source.

o   Initial source acquisition should be conducted with caution and should be complemented with individually developed source

o   Human sources can be the most powerful of all sources, but can be difficult to access

o   In interpreting, knowledge accusation occurs before the conference, during the last minutes before conference, and after the conference has started. Most interpreters focus first on terminology rather than on substance

5.       how to Translate or Interpret literature

     Literary translation is working with a text in its original language to prepare a version in a new language. This work promotes broader reading and distribution of the work. In some cases—for instance, Gilgamesh, a work composed in ancient languages of the Middle East—translation is the only way the text is made available to general readers. 

o   I/T training literature is abundant. To practitioners who teach interpretation and translation, I/T training publications can provide some information and many explanations, but probably few new ideas.

o   Authors of I/T training literature and of I/T literature in general are mostly on the practitioner side or the research and theory side, but are seldom equally versed in both. It follows that many texts on I/T and I/T training which go beyond practical issues are either methodologically weak or somewhat remote from practice in the field. Constructive skepticism is therefore when reading such texts.

o   I/T literature does not provide a comprehensive and totally faithful image of practice in the field, as many practitioners and teachers of I/T do not publish any materials, and their views can be quite remote from those expressed in writing by their colleagues

1.       Abstarct of mini research entiteled

an  analysis of the google translation quality in translating the contemporary indonesian poetry

     Along with the develop of age and technology, translation is not only done by humans, but also machine translation engines, starting with the advent of software dictionary with translation capabilities are limited to words and phrases, now has sprung machine translator who claims to be able to translate a paragraph or a manuscript complete, like google translation. And this study tries to discuss about the level of accurate google translation in Indonesian language to translate a poem written by FRM and the results will be compared with the same poem has been translated into English by Bager from the comparison between the results of google translate translation with translation hail Bager can be concluded that the google translate is not suitable for translating literary language or the language of scientific language, can only translate google translate common words or just everyday language.